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From: mv10801@msi-s6 (Jonathan Marshall [Learning Center])
Newsgroups: comp.ai
Subject: Re: Adaptive vs. intelligent (was Re: "Intelligence")
Keywords: adaptation, self-organization, initiative
Message-ID: <13493@umn-cs.CS.UMN.EDU>
Date: 13 Jun 89 16:57:35 GMT
References: <6605@sdcsvax.UCSD.Edu> <1319@cbnewsh.ATT.COM> <1398@lzfme.att.com>
Sender: news@umn-cs.CS.UMN.EDU
Reply-To: mv10801@uc.msc.umn.edu (Jonathan Marshall)
Followup-To: comp.ai
Organization: University of Minnesota
Lines: 17

Intelligence is not just the ability to learn or adapt.  I would like
to claim that intelligent organisms all share 3 fundamental properties:
	1. they can adapt (or learn),
	2. they self-organize, and
	3. they have initiative.

A programmable calculator can learn, but it probably doesn't
self-organize, and it doesn't have initiative -- so we wouldn't call
it intelligent.  Even if a robot were somehow programmed to have
initiative, say to visually seek electric power outlets and recharge,
we wouldn't ennoble it with the term "intelligence" -- unless it could
learn and unless its learning were accomplished through a process of
self-organization.

A pigeon can learn, self-organizes what it has learned, and has some
degree of initiative.  So, we would say that a pigeon has some
intelligence.