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From: dsr@stl.stc.co.uk (David Riches)
Newsgroups: comp.ai
Subject: Re: Adaptive vs. intelligent (was Re: "Intelligence")
Message-ID: <1533@stl.stc.co.uk>
Date: 19 Jun 89 15:20:21 GMT
Sender: news@stl.stc.co.uk
Reply-To: dsr@stl.stc.co.uk (David Riches)
Organization: STC Technology Limited, London Road, Harlow, Essex, UK
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I belonged to an Alvey project called Adaptive Intelligent Dialogues
in which we investigated Adaptation.  During the course of this 4 year
project we produced a taxonomy of adaptive systems.  This is
reproduced below.  The levels refer to the 'level of adaptivity' with
corresponding meanings in the computer world and w.r.t. evolution.

Much of this work was done by Pete Totterdell (pc1pat@ibm.sheffield.ac.uk)
see; Totterdell, P.A.; Norman, M.A and Browne, D.P.; "Levels of
adaptivity in interface design"; HCI Interact'87, 1987, pp 715-722.

Also the project (which finished October 1988) is producing a book on
this subject and further information can be obtained from Prof. Mike Norman
Hull University, Hull, England. (mike@isdg.cs.hull.ac.uk)

---------------------------------------------------------------------
Levels	Computers	Evolution	Features

0.5	Tailorable/	-		Deferred selection
	Adaptable

1	Adaptive	Tropism/	Apparent Learning
			reflexes	(i.e. fully determined by design)
					Discrimination

2	Self-Regulating	Operant		Learning; Varied responses
			conditioning	selected for different situations;
					Evaluation by trial and error

3	Self-Mediating	Internal	Planning, Problem Solving;
			evaluation	rule-mediated representation;
					Initial evaluation internal to
					system

4	Self-Modifying	Abstraction	Evaluating the evaluation;
					Generalisation; Meta-knowledge


If you need any more info. then let me know.

   Dave Riches
   PSS:    dsr@stl.stc.co.uk
   ARPA:   dsr%stl.stc.co.uk@earn-relay.ac.uk
   Smail:  Software Design Centre, (Dept. 103, T2 West), 
	   STC Technology Ltd., London Road,
	   Harlow, Essex. CM17 9NA.  England
   Phone:  +44 (0)279-29531 x2496