Path: utzoo!attcan!uunet!wuarchive!sdd.hp.com!ucsd!ucbvax!ucdavis!csusac!csuchico.edu!num44
From: num44@ecst.csuchico.edu (Terral Jamison)
Newsgroups: comp.ai.neural-nets
Subject: Re: Simple C Source
Message-ID: <1990Oct26.174332.2537@ecst.csuchico.edu>
Date: 26 Oct 90 17:43:32 GMT
References: <945@heurikon.heurikon.com> <1990Oct24.024710.7346@murdoch.acc.Virginia.EDU>
Sender: news@ecst.csuchico.edu (USENET)
Organization: California State University, Chico
Lines: 459

In article <1990Oct24.024710.7346@murdoch.acc.Virginia.EDU> jxo2f@hagar6c.acc.Virginia.EDU (Jose X Orellana) writes:
>
>	I am also interested in some source code for a neural net.
>
>		Jose X. Orellana (working on M.S.) 
>		Systems Engineering Dpt.
>		University of Virginia
> 

/*   This program simulates a constraint satisfaction
     neural network for choosing tic-tac-toe moves as
     described in Volume 2 of the PDP books.  The
     network is presented a description of the board
     and chooses the best move subject to predefined
     constraints.

     It requires an EGA or CGA to display a Hinton diagram 
     of the element activation levels.

     Author   : Gary Andriotakis
     Compiler : Microsoft Quick C
     Date     : 5 January 1989
*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <graph.h>
#define N 67
#define GAIN 0.1
#define SCALE 1.0/16.0
static float w[N][N], bias[N], a[N], e[N];
main()
{
   int j,mark = -1,converged;
   time_t t;
#ifdef DEBUG
   initialize(a,w,bias);
#endif
#ifndef DEBUG
   if(!_setvideomode(_ERESCOLOR))
   {   printf("EGA required\n");
       exit(0);
   }
   srand((int)time(&t));
   drawboard();
   do
   {
      putmarkers(&e[9],mark);
      initialize();
      boxes(a,N);
      do
      {  j = randint(N);
         update(j);
         boxes(a,j);
         converged = ((j < 9) && (a[j] > 0.9));
      } while(!converged && !kbhit());
      if(converged)
         mark = j;
      else
         mark = -1;
   } while(converged || (kbhit() && getch() != 27));
   _displaycursor(_GCURSORON);
   _setvideomode(_DEFAULTMODE);
#endif
}

update(j)
int j;
{  int i;
   float net;

   net = 0.0;
   for(i = 0; i < N; i++)
      net += w[i][j]*a[i];
   net += bias[j];
   net *= GAIN;
   net += e[j];
   if(net > 0.0)
      a[j] += net*(1.0 - a[j]);
   else
      a[j] += net*a[j];
}

initialize()
{  int i,j;
/*  initialize to zero */
   for(i = 0; i < N; i++)
   {  a[i] = 0.0;
      bias[i] = 0.0;
      for(j = 0; j < N; j++)
         w[i][j] = 0.0;
   }

   for(i = 0; i < 9; i++)
   {  /* inhibit responses from occupied squares */
      w[i+9][i] = -8.0;
      w[i+18][i] = -8.0;
      /*  mutual inhibition to insure only one response */
      for(j = 0; j < 9; j++)
         w[i][j] = -2.;
      /*  self excitation to excourage self growth */
      w[i][i] = 2.;
   }
/*  empty line detectors */
   for(i = 0; i < 3; i++)
   {  w[i+9][27] = -1.0;
      w[i+18][27] = -1.0;
      w[27][i] = 1.0;
      w[i+12][28] = -1.0;
      w[i+21][28] = -1.0;
      w[28][i+3] = 1.0;
      w[i+15][29] = -1.0;
      w[i+24][29] = -1.0;
      w[29][i+6] = 1.0;
      w[9+4*i][30] = -1.0;
      w[18+4*i][30] = -1.0;
      w[30][4*i] = 1.0;
      w[11+2*i][31] = -1.0;
      w[20+2*i][31] = -1.0;
      w[31][2+2*i] = 1.0;
      w[9+3*i][32] = -1.0;
      w[18+3*i][32] = -1.0;
      w[32][3*i] = 1.0;
      w[10+3*i][33] = -1.0;
      w[19+3*i][33] = -1.0;
      w[33][1+3*i] = 1.0;
      w[11+3*i][34] = -1.0;
      w[20+3*i][34] = -1.0;
      w[34][2+3*i] = 1.0;
   }
/*   friendly doubleton detectors */
   for(i = 0; i < 3; i++)
   {  w[i+9][35] = 1.0;
      w[i+18][35] = -2.0;
      w[35][i] = 5.0;
      w[i+12][36] = 1.0;
      w[i+21][36] = -2.0;
      w[36][i+3] = 5.0;
      w[i+15][37] = 1.0;
      w[i+24][37] = -2.0;
      w[37][i+6] = 5.0;
      w[9+4*i][38] = 1.0;
      w[18+4*i][38] = -2.0;
      w[38][4*i] = 5.0;
      w[11+2*i][39] = 1.0;
      w[20+2*i][39] = -2.0;
      w[39][2+2*i] = 5.0;
      w[9+3*i][40] = 1.0;
      w[18+3*i][40] = -2.0;
      w[40][3*i] = 5.0;
      w[10+3*i][41] = 1.0;
      w[19+3*i][41] = -2.0;
      w[41][1+3*i] = 5.0;
      w[11+3*i][42] = 1.0;
      w[20+3*i][42] = -2.0;
      w[42][2+3*i] = 5.0;
   }
/*   enemy doubleton detectors */
   for(i = 0; i < 3; i++)
   {  w[i+9][43] = -2.0;
      w[i+18][43] = 1.0;
      w[43][i] = 1.0;
      w[i+12][44] = -2.0;
      w[i+21][44] = 1.0;
      w[44][i+3] = 1.0;
      w[i+15][45] = -2.0;
      w[i+24][45] = 1.0;
      w[45][i+6] = 1.0;
      w[9+4*i][46] = -2.0;
      w[18+4*i][46] = 1.0;
      w[46][4*i] = 1.0;
      w[11+2*i][47] = -2.0;
      w[20+2*i][47] = 1.0;
      w[47][2+2*i] = 1.0;
      w[9+3*i][48] = -2.0;
      w[18+3*i][48] = 1.0;
      w[48][3*i] = 1.0;
      w[10+3*i][49] = -2.0;
      w[19+3*i][49] = 1.0;
      w[49][1+3*i] = 1.0;
      w[11+3*i][50] = -2.0;
      w[20+3*i][50] = 1.0;
      w[50][2+3*i] = 1.0;
   }
/*   friendly singleton detectors */
   for(i = 0; i < 3; i++)
   {  w[i+9][51] = 1.0;
      w[i+18][51] = -2.0;
      w[51][i] = 2.0;
      w[i+12][52] = 1.0;
      w[i+21][52] = -2.0;
      w[52][i+3] = 2.0;
      w[i+15][53] = 1.0;
      w[i+24][53] = -2.0;
      w[53][i+6] = 2.0;
      w[9+4*i][54] = 1.0;
      w[18+4*i][54] = -2.0;
      w[54][4*i] = 2.0;
      w[11+2*i][55] = 1.0;
      w[20+2*i][55] = -2.0;
      w[55][2+2*i] = 2.0;
      w[9+3*i][56] = 1.0;
      w[18+3*i][56] = -2.0;
      w[56][3*i] = 2.0;
      w[10+3*i][57] = 1.0;
      w[19+3*i][57] = -2.0;
      w[57][1+3*i] = 2.0;
      w[11+3*i][58] = 1.0;
      w[20+3*i][58] = -2.0;
      w[58][2+3*i] = 2.0;
   }
/*   enemy singleton detectors */
   for(i = 0; i < 3; i++)
   {  w[i+9][59] = -2.0;
      w[i+18][59] = 1.0;
      w[59][i] = 2.0;
      w[i+12][60] = -2.0;
      w[i+21][60] = 1.0;
      w[60][i+3] = 2.0;
      w[i+15][61] = -2.0;
      w[i+24][61] = 1.0;
      w[61][i+6] = 2.0;
      w[9+4*i][62] = -2.0;
      w[18+4*i][62] = 1.0;
      w[62][4*i] = 2.0;
      w[11+2*i][63] = -2.0;
      w[20+2*i][63] = 1.0;
      w[63][2+2*i] = 2.0;
      w[9+3*i][64] = -2.0;
      w[18+3*i][64] = 1.0;
      w[64][3*i] = 2.0;
      w[10+3*i][65] = -2.0;
      w[19+3*i][65] = 1.0;
      w[65][1+3*i] = 2.0;
      w[11+3*i][66] = -2.0;
      w[20+3*i][66] = 1.0;
      w[66][2+3*i] = 2.0;
   }
/* biases */
   for(i = 0; i < 9; i++)
      bias[i] = 0.0625;
   for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
   {  bias[i+27] = 0.5;
      bias[i+35] = -1.5;
      bias[i+43] = -1.5;
      bias[i+51] = -0.5;
      bias[i+59] = -0.5;
    }
    for(i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {  bias[i] *= SCALE;
       for(j = 0; j < N; j++)
          w[i][j] *= SCALE;
    }
#ifdef DEBUG
   for(i = 0; i < N; i++)
   {
      for(j = 0; j < N; j++)
         printf("%2.0f",w[i][j]);
      printf("%7.2f\n",bias[i]);
   }
#endif
}

randint(n)
int n;
/* return a random integer in the range 0 to n-1 */
{
   return(rand() % n);
}

#define MAXSIZE 5
boxes(a,n)
float a[];
int n;
/*    Draw boxes proportional to activation levels (a) ala Hinton diagrams.
 *    If n equals N then draw all N boxes otherwise draw only the nth.
 */
{
   int i,j,k,x,y,x0,y0;
   int size,count;

   x0 = 5;
   y0 = 40;
   count = -1;
   for(k = 0; k < 3; k++)
   {  x = x0;
      y = y0;
      for(i = 0; i < 3; i++)
      {  for(j = 0; j < 3; j++)
         {  x += 12;
            count++;
            if(n == N || n == count)
            {  size = a[count]*MAXSIZE;
               _setcolor(0);
               _rectangle(_GFILLINTERIOR,
               x-MAXSIZE,y-MAXSIZE,x+MAXSIZE,y+MAXSIZE);
               _setcolor(15);
               _rectangle(_GBORDER,x-size,y-size,x+size,y+size);
            }
         }
         x = x0;
         y += 12;
      }
      x0 += 48;
   }
   y0 = 40;
   for(k = 0; k < 5; k++)
   {  x = x0;
      y = y0;
      for(i = 0; i < 3; i++)
      {  for(j = 0; j < 3; j++)
         {  x += 12;
            if(i != 1 || j != 1)
            {  count++;
               if(n == N || n == count)
               {  size = a[count]*MAXSIZE;
                  _setcolor(0);
                  _rectangle(_GFILLINTERIOR,
                  x-MAXSIZE,y-MAXSIZE,x+MAXSIZE,y+MAXSIZE);
                  _setcolor(15);
                  _rectangle(_GBORDER,x-size,y-size,x+size,y+size);
               }
            }
          }
          x = x0;
          y += 12;
      }
      x0 += 48;
   }
}

drawboard()
{  static char board[5][6] = {32,179,32,179,32,0,
			      196,197,196,197,196,0,
			      32,179,32,179,32,0,
			      196,197,196,197,196,0,
			      32,179,32,179,32,0};
   int i;
   _clearscreen(_GCLEARSCREEN);
   for(i = 0; i < 5; i++)
   {  _settextposition(i+8,37);
      _outtext(&board[i][0]);
   }
   _settextposition(2,2);
   _outtext("move    x     o   empty   2x    2o    1x    1o");
   _settextposition(19,5);
   _outtext("Use arrow keys to move cursor.");
   _settextposition(20,5);
   _outtext("ENTER will change the marker under the cursor. x is program, o is opponent.");
   _settextposition(21,5);
   _outtext("ESCAPE will start network.");
   _settextposition(22,5);
   _outtext("After network is started, any key will stop.");
   _settextposition(23,5);
   _outtext("ESCAPE while network is running will exit program");
}

putmarkers(b,x)
float b[];          /*  board description vector for input to network */
int x;              /*  location of programs new move */
/*
 *   puts x's and o's on the board
 *   x is the programs marker,
 *   o is the opponents marker
 */
{  int i,row,col;
   static int board[9] = {0};
   int c, c1;
/*  place the programs new move on the board */
   if(x > -1)
   {  _settextposition(8+2*(x/3),37+2*(x%3));
      _outtext("x");
      board[x] = 1;
   }
/*  get the users input to the new board description */
   row = 8;
   col = 37;
   i = 0;
   _settextposition(row,col);
   _displaycursor(_GCURSORON);
   while((c = getch()) != 27)   /* continue until escape is hit */
   {  switch(c)
      {  case 13:        /*  enter key */
         {  board[i] = (board[i]+1)%3;
            if(board[i] == 0)
              _outtext(" ");
            else if(board[i] == 1)
              _outtext("x");
            else
              _outtext("o");
            _settextposition(row,col);
            break;
         }
         case 0:
         {  c1 = getch();
            switch(c1)
            {  case 72:      /*   up arrow */
               {  if(row > 8)
                  {  row -= 2;
                     i -= 3;
                     _settextposition(row,col);
                     break;
                  }
               }
               case 75:      /* left arrow */
               {  if(col > 37)
                  {  col -= 2;
                     i--;
                     _settextposition(row,col);
                     break;
                  }
               }
               case 77:      /* right arrow */
               {  if(col < 41)
                  {  col += 2;
                     i++;
                     _settextposition(row,col);
                     break;
                   }
                }
                case 80:      /* down arrow */
                {  if(row < 12)
                   {  row += 2;
                      i += 3;
                      _settextposition(row,col);
                      break;
                   }
                }
             }
          }
      }
   }
   _displaycursor(_GCURSOROFF);
   for(i = 0; i < 9; i++)
   {   switch(board[i])
       {  case 0:
          {  b[i] = 0.0;
             b[i+9] = 0.0;
             break;
           }
           case 1:
           {  b[i] = 1.0;
              b[i+9] = 0.0;
              break;
           }
           case 2:
           {  b[i] = 0.0;
              b[i+9] = 1.0;
              break;
           }
       }
   }
}
       case 2:
           {  b[i] = 0.0;
              b[i+9] = 1.0;
              break;
           }