Xref: utzoo alt.folklore.computers:8411 comp.unix.internals:1720 comp.misc:11054 Path: utzoo!utgpu!cs.utexas.edu!wuarchive!uunet!cbmvax!snark!eric From: eric@snark.thyrsus.com (Eric S. Raymond) Newsgroups: alt.folklore.computers,comp.unix.internals,comp.misc Subject: The Jargon File v2.3.1 03 JAN 1991, part 9 of 11 Message-ID: <1Z0vYz#5nl7dJ9xjxYw0vCdpc25Cn5O=eric@snark.thyrsus.com> Date: 3 Jan 91 21:07:33 GMT Lines: 1030 ---- Cut Here and unpack ---- #!/bin/sh # This is a shell archive (shar 3.10) # made 01/03/1991 21:07 UTC by eric@snark.thyrsus.com # Source directory /usr2/eric/jargon # # existing files WILL be overwritten # # This shar contains: # length mode name # ------ ---------- ------------------------------------------ # 51920 -rw-r--r-- jsplit.ai # touch 2>&1 | fgrep '[-amc]' > /tmp/s3_touch$$ if [ -s /tmp/s3_touch$$ ] then TOUCH=can else TOUCH=cannot fi rm -f /tmp/s3_touch$$ # ============= jsplit.ai ============== sed 's/^X//' << 'SHAR_EOF' > jsplit.ai && X to a random text address. This can produce some of the most X insidious data-dependent bugs known to mankind. Variants include X `trash the stack', ` the stack', ` the stack'; X ` the stack' is not used as this is never done intentionally. X See ; see also , , , , . X X n. See . X X n. 1. A rudimentary form of testing applied to electronic X equipment following repair or reconfiguration in which AC power is X applied and during which the tester checks for sparks, smoke, or X other dramatic signs of fundamental failure. 2. By extension, the X first run of a piece of software after construction or a critical X change. See . X X [ITS] n. A originally due to Bill X Gosper. Many convergent lines are drawn on a color monitor in AOS X mode (so that every pixel struck has its color incremented). The X color map is then rotated. The lines all have one endpoint in the X middle of the screen; the other endpoints are spaced one pixel X apart around the perimeter of a large square. This results in a X striking, rainbow-hued, shimmering four-leaf clover. Gosper joked X about keeping it hidden from the FDA lest it be banned. X X /smop/ [Simple (or Small) Matter of Programming] n. 1. A piece X of code, not yet written, whose anticipated length is significantly X greater than its complexity. Usage: used to refer to a program X that could obviously be written, but is not worth the trouble. It X is also used ironically to imply that a difficult problem can be X easily solved because a program can be written to do it; the irony X is that it is very clear that writing such a program will be a X great deal of work. Example: "It's easy to change a FORTRAN X compiler to compile COBOL as well; it's just a SMOP." 2. Often X used ironically by the intended victim when a suggestion for a X program is made which seems easy to the suggester, but is obviously X a lot of work to the programmer. X X n. Paper mail, as opposed to electronic. Sometimes X written as the single word `SnailMail'. Derives from earlier X coinage `USnail' for which there have been parody posters and X stamps made. Oppose . X X /snarf/ v. 1. To grab, esp. a large document or file for the X purpose of using it either with or without the author's permission. X See . Variant: "snarf down", to snarf, sometimes with the X connotation of absorbing, processing, or understanding. "I think X I'll snarf down the list of DDT commands so I'll know what's X changed recently." 2. [in the UNIX community] to fetch a file or X set of files across a network. See also . X X /snarf-n-barf/ n. The act of grabbing a region of text X using a environment and then stuffing the contents of that X region into another region or into the same region, to avoid X re-typing a command line. X X [Lewis Carroll, via the Michigan Terminal System] n. 1. A X system failure. When a user's process bombed, the operator would X get a message "Help, Help, Snark in MTS!". 2. More generally, X any kind of unexplained or threatening event on a computer. Often X used to refer to events or log file entries which might indicate an X attempted security violation. 3. UUCP name of snark.thyrsus.com, X home site of the Jargon File 2.x.x versions. X X n. Term used (generally with ironic intent) for transfer X of electronic information by physically carrying tape, disks, or X some other media from one machine to another. "Never X underestimate the bandwidth of a station wagon filled with magtape, X or a 747 filled with CD-ROMs." Also called "Tennis-Net", X "Armpit-Net". X X v.,n. Synonym for POLL. X X /ess-oh/ n. Acronym for Significant Other, almost invariably X written abbreviated and pronounced "ess-oh" by hackers. In fact X the form without periods "SO" is most common. Used to refer to X one's primary relationship, esp. a live-in to whom one is not X married. See , , . X X n. [by analogy with `hardcopy'] A machine readable form of X corresponding hardcopy. See . X X n. The results of . Commonly X cited examples include `ls(1)', , , and X OS/2. X X n. (Also known as , ) Hypothetical X disease the existence of which has been deduced from the X observation that unused programs or features will often stop X working after sufficient time has passed, even if "nothing has X changed". The theory explains that bits decay as if they were X radioactive. As time passes, the contents of a file or the code in X a program will become increasingly garbled. X X There actually are physical processes that produce such effects X (the alpha particles such as are found in cosmic rays can change X the contents of a computer memory unpredictably, and various kinds X of subtle media failures can corrupt files in mass storage) but X they are quite rare. X X More commonly, "software rot" strikes when a program's X assumptions become out of date. If the design was insufficiently X it may fail in mysterious ways. For example, due to X endemic shortsightedness in the design of COBOL programs, most will X succumb to software rot when their two-digit year counters wrap X around at the beginning of the year 2000. X X Historical note: software rot in an even funnier sense than the X mythical one was a real problem on early research computers (e. g. X the R1, see ). If a program that depended on a X peculiar instruction hadn't been run in quite a while, the user X might discover that the opcodes no longer did the things as they X used to. ("Hey, so-and-so needs an instruction to do X such-and-such. We can snarf this one, right? No one uses it.") X X /soft-weir'i-lee/ adv. In a way pertaining to software. X "The system is softwarily unreliable." The adjective X "softwary" is *not* used. See . X X adj. Used to indicate a member of class X, with the X implication that the particular X is interchangeable with most X other Xs in whatever context was being discussed. "I think some X random cracker tripped over the guest timeout last night." X X n. A bug in a protocol where, under some X circumstances, the receipt of a message causes more than one X message to be sent, each of which, when received, triggers the same X bug. Used esp. of such behavior caused by loops X in software. Compare . X X n.,obs. /ess-oh-ess/ 1. An infamously text editor. X Once, back in the 1960's, when a text editor was needed for the X PDP-6, a hacker crufted togrther a quick-and-dirty "stopgap X editor" to be used until a better one was written. Unfortunately, X the old one was never really discarded when new ones (in X particular, ) came along. SOS is a descendant of that X editor; SOS means "Son of Stopgap", and many PDP-10 users gained X the dubious pleasure of its acquaintance. Since then other X programs similar in style to SOS have been written, notably BILOS X (bye'lohss) the Brother-In-Law Of Stopgap. See also . 2. X /sahss/ n. Inverse of , from the PDP-10 instruction set. X X n. The Knight keyboard, a now-legendary device X used on MIT LISP machines which inspired several still-current X slang terms and influenced the design of . It was inspired X by the Stanford keyboard and equipped with no less than X *seven* shift keys: four keys for (`control', X `meta', `hyper', and `super') and three like the regular shift key, X called `shift', `top', and `front'. Many keys have three symbols X on them: a letter and a symbol on the top, and a Greek letter on X the front. For example, the "L" key has an "L" and a two-way X arrow on the top, and the Greek letter lambda on the front. If you X press this key with the right hand while playing an appropriate X "chord" with the left hand on the shift keys, you can get the X following results: X X L lower-case "l" X shift-L upper-case "L" X front-L Greek lower-case lambda X front-shift-L Greek upper-case lambda X top-L two-way arrow (front and shift are ignored) X X And of course each of these may also be typed with any combination X of the control, meta, hyper, and super keys. On this keyboard you X can type over 8000 different characters! This allows the user to X type very complicated mathematical text, and also to have thousands X of single-character commands at his disposal. Many hackers were X actually willing to memorize the command meanings of that many X characters if it will reduce typing time (this view rather X obviously shaped the interface of EMACS). Other hackers, however, X thought having that many bucky bits is overkill, and object that X such a keyboard can require three or four hands to operate. See X , , . X X n. A space-combat simulation game first implemented on the X PDP-1 at MIT in 1960-61. SPACEWAR aficionados formed the core of X the early hacker culture at MIT. Ten years later a descendant of X the game motivated Ken Thompson to build, in his spare time on a X scavenged PDP-7, the operating system that became . Ten years X after that, SPACEWAR was commercialized as one of the first video X games; descendants are still feeping in video arcades everywhere. X X n. Describes code with a complex and tangled control X structure, esp. one using many GOTOs, exceptions or other X `unstructured' branching constructs. Pejorative. The synonym X "kangaroo code" has been reported. X X n. [Encountered among users of object-oriented X languages that use inheritance, such as Smalltalk] A convoluted X class-subclass graph, often resulting from carelessly deriving X subclasses from other classes just for the sake of reusing their X code. Coined in a (successful) attempt to discourage such X practice, through guilt by association with . X X [from the community] v. To crash a program by overrunning X a fixed-size buffer with excessively large input data. See also X , . X X n. Syn. . X X /spi'fee/ adj. 1. Said of programs having a pretty, clever or X exceptionally well-designed interface. "Have you seen the spiffy X X version of yet?" 2. Said sarcastically of programs which X are perceived to have little more than a flashy interface going for X them. Which meaning should be drawn depends delicately on tone of X voice and context. X X v. Equivalent to . More common among C and UNIX X programmers. X X [Cambridge] n. A . Preferred in Britain. X X n. 1. Name used in many places (DEC, IBM, and others) for the X ASCII asterisk ("*") character. 2. [MIT] Name used by some X people for the ASCII number-sign ("#") character. 3. [Stanford] X Name used by some people for the Stanford/ITS extended ASCII X circle-x character. (This character is also called "circle-x", X "blobby", and "frob", among other names.) 4. [Stanford] Name X for the semi-mythical extended ASCII circle-plus character. 5. X Canonical name for an output routine that outputs whatever the X local interpretation of splat is. 5. [Rochester Institute of X Technology] The command key on a Macintosh. Usage: nobody really X agrees what character "splat" is, but the term is common. X X /spooj/ 1. n. Inexplicable or arcane code, or random and X probably incorrect output from a computer program. 2. v. To X generate code or output as in definition 1. X X [fr. early IBM "Simultaneous Peripheral Operation Off-Line", X but this acronym is widely thought to have been contrived for X effect] v. To send files to some device or program (a `spooler') X that queues them up and does something useful with them later. The X spooler usually understood is the `print spooler' controlling X output of jobs to a printer, but the term has been used in X connection with other peripherals (especially plotters and graphics X devices). X X n. A person's stack is the set of things he has to do in the X future. One speaks of the next project to be attacked as having X risen to the top of the stack. "I'm afraid I've got real work to X do, so this'll have to be pushed way down on my stack." "I X haven't done it yet because every time I pop my stack something new X gets pushed." If you are interrupted several times in the middle X of a conversation, "my stack overflowed" means "I forget what we X were talking about" (the implication is that too many items were X pushed onto the stack than could be remembered, and so the least X recent items were lost). The usual physical example of a stack is X to be found in a cafeteria: a pile of plates sitting on a spring in X a well in a cart, so that when you put a plate on the top they all X sink down, and when you take one off the top the rest spring up a X bit. See also and . X X At MIT, all the usages used to be more commonly found with X , and this may still be true. Everywhere else seems X to be the preferred term. X X n. Some micros are said to "puke their guts onto the X stack" to save their internal state during exception processing. X On a pipelined machine this can take a while (up to 92 bytes for a X bus fault on the 68020, for example). X X n. Synonym for used esp. among X microcomputer hackers. X X n. Condition, situation. "What's the state of your latest X hack?" "It's winning away." "The system tried to read and X write the disk simultaneously and got into a totally wedged X state." A standard question is "What's your state?" which means X "What are you doing?" or "What are you about to do?" Typical X answers might be "I'm about to gronk out", or "I'm hungry". X Another standard question is "What's the state of the world?" X meaning "What's new?" or "What's going on?". The more terse and X humorous way of asking these conventions would be "State-p?". X X [ULowell] n. 3.5" , so called because their X jackets are more firm than the 5.25" and 8" floppy. X X alt. n. Term used for frequent X best dish of those hackers who can cook. Consists of random fresh X veggies and meat wokked with random spices. Tasty and economical. X See , , , ; see also X . X X v. To inadvertently overwrite something important, usually X automatically. Example: "All the work I did this weekend got X stomped on last night by the nightly-server script." Compare X , , , , . X X /sto'p@j/ n. Extreme lossage (see ) resulting in X something (usually vital) becoming completely unusable. "The X recent system stoppage was caused by a transformer." X X /stuhb'roo-teen/ [contr. of "stub routine"] n. Tiny, X often vacuous placeholder for a subroutine to be written or fleshed X out later. X X adj. Mind-bogglingly stupid. Usually used in sarcasm. X "You want to code *what* in ADA? That's...a stunning idea!" X See also . X X [UNIX, MS-DOS] n. An OS command interpreter (see ) X spawned from within a program, such that exit from the command X interpreter returns one to the parent program in a state that X allows it to continue execution. Oppose . X X [Applied Digital Research] adj. Crashed or wedged. X Usually said of a machine that provides some service to a network, X such as a file server. This Dallas regionalism derives from the X East Texas oil field lament, "Shut 'er down, Ma, she's a-suckin' X mud." Often used as a query. "We are going to reconfigure the X network, are you ready to suck mud?" X X n. 1. Ugly and uncomfortable `business clothing' often worn by X non-hackers. Invariably worn with a `tie', a strangulation device X which partially cuts off the blood supply to the brain. It is X thought that this explains much about the behavior of suit- X wearers. 2. A person who habitually wears suits, as distinct from a X techie or hacker. See , and . X English, BTW, is relatively kind; our Soviet correspondent informs X us that the corresponding idiom in Russian hacker jargon is X `sovok', lit. a tool for grabbing garbage. X X n. Notional cause of an odd error. "Why did the program X suddenly turn the screen blue?" "Sunspots, I guess". Also cause X of bitrot, from the genuine, honest-to-god fact that sunspots will X increase cosmic radiation which can flip single bits in memory. X Needless to say, although real sunspot errors happen, they are X extremely rare. See , . X X n. Unflattering hackerism for SunTools, a pre-X windowing X environment notorious in its day for size, slowness and misfeatures X (X, however, is larger and slower; see ). X X /soop'doop/ v. To communicate with another ARPAnet host using X the SUPDUP program, which is a SUPer-DUPer talking a X special display protocol used mostly in talking to ITS sites. X Sometimes abbreviated to SD. X X n. A prolific programmer; one who can code X exceedingly well and quickly. Not all hackers are X superprogrammers, but many are. (Productivity can vary from one X programmer to another by factors of as much as 1000. For example, X programmer A might be able to write an average of 3 lines of X working code in one day, while another, with the proper tools and X skill, might be able to write 3,000 lines of working code in one X day. This variance is astonishing, appearing in very few other X areas of human endeavor.) The term superprogrammer is more X commonly used within such places as IBM than in the hacker X community. It tends to stress productivity rather than creativity X or ingenuity. Hackers tend to prefer the terms and X . X X /soo'zee koh'bol/ 1. [IBM, prob. fr. Frank Zappa's X "little Suzy Creamcheese"] n. A coder straight out of training X school who knows everything except the benefits of comments in X plain English. Also (fashionable among personkind wishing to avoid X accusations of sexism) `Sammy Cobol' or (in some non-IBM circles) X `Cobol Charlie'. 2. [proposed] Meta-name for any , X analogous to . X X [From the PDP-11 "byte swap" instruction, and immortalized in X the option "conv=swab" to
] 1. v. to solve the X by swapping bytes in a file. 2. Also, the program in V7 UNIX used X to perform this action, or anything functionally equivalent to it. X See also , , . X X n. Storage space. "I'm just using that corner of the X machine room for swap space". X X adj. From the older (per-task) method of using secondary X storage devices to implement support for multitasking. Something X which is is available for immediate use in main X memory, and otherwise is . Often used metaphorically X to refer to people's memories ("I read the Scheme Report every few X months to keep the information swapped in.") or to their own X availability ("I'll swap you in as soon as I finish looking at X this other problem."). Compare , . X X v. To convert external names or references within a data X structure into direct pointers when the data structure is brought X into main memory from external storage; also called "pointer X swizzling"; the converse operation is sometimes termed X . X X /sink/ [UNIX] n.,v. 1. To force all pending I/O to the disk. X 2. More generally, to force a number of competing processes or X agents to a state that would be `safe' if the system were to crash; X thus, to checkpoint. See . X X [coined by Peter Landin] n. Features added to a X language or formalism to make it `sweeter' for humans, that do not X affect the expressiveness of the formalism (compare ). Used X esp. when there is an obvious and trivial translation of the X `sugar' feature into other constructs already present in the X notation. Example: C's "a[i]" notation is syntactic sugar for X "*(a + i)". "Syntactic sugar causes cancer of the semicolon." X --- Alan Perlis. X X [the PLATO system] n. Playful hackish variant of X "sysprog" which is in turn short for "systems-programmer". X X n. 1. The supervisor program or OS on a computer. 2. n. The X entire computer system, including input/output devices, the X supervisor program or OS, and possibly other software. 3. Any X large-scale program. 4. Any method or algorithm. 5. The way X things are usually done. Usage: a fairly ambiguous word. "You X can't beat the system." : one who hacks the system X (in sense 1 only; for sense 2 one mentions the particular program: X e.g., "lisp hacker") X X {= T =} X X /tee/ 1. [from LISP terminology for "true"] Yes. Usage: used in X reply to a question, particularly one asked using the "-P" X convention). See NIL. In LISP, the name T means "true", among X other things. Some hackers use "T" and "NIL" instead of X "yes" and "no" almost reflexively. This sometimes causes X misunderstandings. When a waiter or flight attendant asks whether X a hacker wants coffee, he may well respond "T", meaning that he X wants coffee; but of course he will be brought a cup of tea X instead. As it happens, most hackers like tea at least as well as X coffee, particularly those who frequent Chinese restaurants, so X it's not that big a problem. 2. See