Path: utzoo!utgpu!news-server.csri.toronto.edu!rpi!uupsi!sunic!sics.se!uplog.uppsala.telesoft.se!uplog.uppsala.telesoft.se!thomas
From: thomas@nexus.se
Newsgroups: comp.unix.programmer
Subject: Re: Use of default.ld in linking
Message-ID: <THOMAS.91Mar26123151@mozart.nexus.se>
Date: 26 Mar 91 11:31:51 GMT
References: <1991Mar15.091211.32@edwards-saftd-2.af.mil>
Sender: news@uppsala.telesoft.se (news)
Organization: Communicator Nexus AB
Lines: 72
In-Reply-To: elston@edwards-saftd-2.af.mil's message of 15 Mar 91 17:12:11 GMT

In article <1991Mar15.091211.32@edwards-saftd-2.af.mil> elston@edwards-saftd-2.af.mil writes:

   We have been struggling with an apparent memory conflict.  In the process of
   investigating this conflict we have tried changing the default linker loader
   instructions.  Our system (68020 VME running System V 2.3 with 2 Megabytes of 
   physical memory on the main processor and another 2 Meg on another node) came 
   with the following default.ld

   MEMORY {
		   valid : org = 0x0, len = 0x200000
   }
   SECTIONS {
	   .text : {}
	   GROUP ALIGN(65536) : {
			   .data : {}
			   .bss  : {}
			   }
	   }


   When we change the alignment from 64K to something like 128 bytes or over 128K
   and compile with the -g option then we get error messages  like

	   prog: w\N(ILX^O.<UU/: cannot open
	   prog: _|^LB.^?x^L.^D^?xl,: not found
	   prog: syntax error at line 5: `(' unexpected

   This implies (at least to me) that the text area is being corrupted with the
   line number information, the symbol table information, or just the .data and
   .bss sections.  Trying to debug with sdb will allow us to see the source code
   as it appears in the original but when trying to run under sdb we get

	   Returned from execve: Exec format error
	   Cannot ptrace child process; try again.: No such process

   It seems to be connected with the problem of running it from the command line.

   Any ideas?  Why should the alignment make such a difference?  Any help would be
   appreciated.
   -- 

First of all, you can't have an alignment of less than the pagesize if
you have shared text (the default). The -N flag to ld makes the text
writeable. Using this you don't have to align the sections at all.

The symtoms you are experiencing are due to the way the shell handles shell
scripts. If you have an unsupported alignment the kernel returns from
the execve with ENOEXEC. As the shell recognizes that the execve failed, it
assumes the executable to be a shell script and forkes off a shell and hands
the file to it as a script. The error messages comes from this shells fruitless
attempts to interpret the content of the file.
This is also why the behaviour is different when when running it from a shell 
and running it under sdb, sdb recognizes that the file isn't executable.

As for having an alignment of 128k the problem might be that Motorola hasn't
bother fixing their braindamaged exec(). At least in V.2 they couldn't handle
any alignment other than 64k. The fix was very simple and we fixed it for our
port so it could handle any alignment greater than or equal to the page size.

Then again, one might ask why anyone would use anything aother than the default
alignment. In our case we used an alignment of 8k and had hardware that
used either 2k or 8k page size. At one moment we also wanted to execute
binaries from a Motorola system that used 64k.

Hope this clarifies some of the mystery.

Thomas
--
Real life:      Thomas Tornblom             Email:  t_tornblom@nexus.se
Snail mail:     Communicator Nexus          Phone:  +46 18 171814
                Box 857                     Fax:    +46 18 696516
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