Path: utzoo!utgpu!news-server.csri.toronto.edu!rpi!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!caen!kuhub.cc.ukans.edu!hawk!billk Newsgroups: comp.lang.misc Subject: The Language List, Version 1.1 (Part 3 of 5) Message-ID: <1991Apr28.153849.4888@hawk.cs.ukans.edu> From: billk@hawk.cs.ukans.edu (Bill Kinnersley) Date: Sun, 28 Apr 1991 15:38:49 GMT References: <1991Apr28.153544.4615@hawk.cs.ukans.edu> Organization: University of Kansas Computer Science Dept Lines: 744 ---- Sammet 1969, p.674. Graphic ALGOL - Generation of shaded perspective picures in real time. "An Extended ALGOL-60 for Shaded Computer Graphics", B. Jones, Proc ACM Symp on Graphic Languages, Apr 1976. Graphic Language - For specifying graphic operations. Sammet 1969, p.677. GREEN - A proposed language to meet the DoD Ironman requirements which led to Ada. This language was the winner. "On the GREEN Language Submitted to the DoD", E.W. Dijkstra, SIGPLAN Notices 13(10):16-21 (Oct 1978). GWBASIC - Gee Whiz BASIC. Gypsy - Specification and verification of systems software. A program is made up of separately compilable units: routine (procedure, function, or process), type and constant definition. Each unit is provided with a list of access rights. "Report on the Language Gypsy", A.L. Ambler et al, UT Austin ICSCS-CMP-1 Aug 1976. HAL/S - Real-time language used by NASA for onboard shuttle software. "Two-Dimensional Characteristics of HAL, A Language for Spaceflight Applications", J.S. Miller, SIGPLAN Notices 7(10) (Oct 1972). Haskell - Named after logician Haskell B Curry. Haskell is a modern functional language with static polymorphic typing, lazy evaluation, higher-order functions, non-strict semantics, user-defined algebraic data types, and pattern-matching list comprehensions. It is largely derived from Miranda, with the addition of a class system, operator overloading, an IO system, functional arrays, and separate compilation. Lazy, purely functional, designed by a committee drawn from the functional programming community. Currently one compiler in general circulation, and at least two more available RSN. "Report on the Programming Language Haskell", Paul Hudak & P. Wadler eds, CS Dept, U Glasgow, UK. (Apr 1990). ftp: nebula.systemsz.cs.yale.edu list: haskell-request@cs.yale.edu, HASKLD-L@YALEVM.BITNET. Yale Haskell - implemented in T Glasgow Haskell - implemented in Chalmers LML HASL - SASL plus conditional unification. "A Prological Definitioin of HASL, A Purely Functional Language with Unification Based Conditional Binding Expressions", H. Abramson in Logic Programming: Functions, Relations and Equations, D. DeGroot et al eds, P-H 1986. Hermes - Complex distributed systems. A follow-on effort to NIL[2], developed at TJWRC, IBM. "Hermes: A Language for Distributed Computing", Strom et al, P-H 1991, ISBN 0-13-389537-8. ftp: software.watson.ibm.com Honeywell-800 business compiler - Apparent early name of FACT, ca. 1959. Sammet 1969, p.327. Hope - "springs eternal", and so forth. R.M. Burstall, U Edinburgh 1978. Functional language with polymorphic types, call-by-pattern, and lazy lists. "HOPE, an Experimental Applicative Language", R.M. Burstall et al, Conf Record of the 1980 LISP Conf, p.136-143 (Aug 1980), "A HOPE Tutorial", BYTE Aug 1985, pp.235-258. ftp: brolga.cc.uq.oz.au. Lazy variant for UNIX, Mac and PC. HOS-STPL - Hospital Operating System - STructured Programming Language. A FORTRAN-like language with sructured extensions. "HOS-STPL User Manual", Health Services Research, US Public Health Service (Jan 1975). HPGL - Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language. Document description language used by HP LaserJet printers. HyperTalk - The programming language for Macintosh HyperCard. IAL - International Algebraic Language. Original name of ALGOL 58. "Preliminary report - International Algebraic Language", CACM 1(12):8 (1958). ICE - In Circuit Emulator. Term used for virtual CPU emulators used in embedded systems. ICEBOL - Variant of SNOBOL. [I thought this was the name of a conference?] ICES - Integrated Civil Engineering System. Subsystems include COGO, STRUDL, BRIDGE, LEASE, PROJECT, ROADS and TRANSET. Internal langguages include ICETRAN and CDL. "An Integrated Computer System for Engineering Problem Solving", D. Roos, Proc AFIPS SJCC 27(2) 1965. Sammet 1969. ICETRAN - An extension of FORTRAN IV. Component of ICES. Sammet 1969, p.617. Icon - Griswold, 1970's. A descendant of SNOBOL4 with Pascal-like syntax. Icon is a general-purpose language with special features for string scanning. Dynamic types. The central theme of Icon is the generator: when an expression is evaluated it may be suspended and later resumed, producing a result sequence of values until it fails. This resumption takes place implicitly in two contexts: iteration which is syntactically like a loop (every-do), and goal-directed evaluation in which a conditional expression automatically attempts to produce at least one result. Expressions that fail are used in lieu of Booleans. Data backtracking is supported by a reversible assignment. Icon also has co-expressions, which can be explicitly resumed at any time. "The Icon Programming Language", Ralph & Marge Griswold, P-H 1983. ftp: arizona.edu list: icon-group@arizona.edu IDL - Interface Description Language. J. Nestor et al, CMU 1982. Description of data structures to be passed between the components of an application. "The Interface Description Language", R. Snodgrass, Computer Science Press 1989. list: info-idl@sei.cmu.edu Id Nouveau - (or Id for short). Single assignment language for a dataflow architecture. "Id-Nouveau Reference Manual", R.S. Nikhil, CS TR, MIT, March 1988. I-D-S/I - Integrated Data Store. Extension to COBOL involving ring type lists. Formerly IDS. "A General Purpose Programming System for Random Access Memories", C.W. Bachman et al, Proc AFIPS FJCC 26(1) 1964. Sammet 1969, p.376. IF1 - Intermediate language for dataflow compilers. "The Manchester Prototype Dataflow Computer", J.R. Gurd etal, CACM 28(1):34-52 (Jan 1985). IFIP - Subset of ALGOL. Sammet 1969, p.180. IFP - Illinois FP. Variant of FP with a significantly different syntax. "The Illinois Functional Programming Interpreter", Arch D. Robison, Proc 1987 SIGPLAN Conf on Interpreters and Interpretive Techniques (June 1987). "Illinois Functional Programming: A Tutorial", Arch D. Robison, BYTE Feb 1987. ftp: cs.uiuc.edu IGL - Interactive Graphic Language. Used primarily by Physics researchers at Brooklyn Poly, uses numerical methods on vectors to approximate continuous function problems that don't have closed form solutions. IITRAN - Simple FORTRAN for students. "The IITRAN Programming Language", B. Dewar et al, CACM 12(10):569-575 (Oct 1969). ILLIAC - Early system on ILLIAC computer. Listed in CACM 2(5):16, (May 1959) p.16. IMP - 1. Derivative of BCPL and ALGOL for systems programming. Used in Edinburgh to code the Edinburgh Multi Access System (EMAS), one of the first OS's written in a high level language, apparently predating UNIX. References are in J British Computer Soc. 2. "Experience with an Extensible Language", Edgar T. Irons, CACM 13(1):31-39 (Jan 1970) Info BASIC - Variant of PICK BASIC used with Prime's PRIMOS OS. Information Algebra - Theoretical formalism for DP, never resulted in a language. Language Structure Group of CODASYL, ca. 1962. Sammet 1969, 709. Inglish - English-like language used for Adventure games like "The Hobbit" (could distinguish between "take the rope and axe" and "take the money and run"). INTELLECT - A query language - Larry Harris, 1977. INTERCAL - Compiler Language With No Pronounceable Acronym. Has nothing at all in common with any other major programming language. Developed Princeton U, May 26, 1972. "The INTERCAL Programming Language Reference Manual", Donald R. Woods & James M. Lyon. C-INTERCAL is an implementation by Eric Raymond, distributed on Usenet. ftp: snow.white.toronto.edu, also comp.sources.misc/Volume16 INTERCOM - Early system on G-15. Listed in CACM 2(5):16 (May 1959). Versions: INTERCOM 101, INTERCOM 1000. INTERLISP - A rich environment for LISP. Interpress - The first page description language, predating PostScript. Used on Xerox printers. "Interpress, The Source Book", Steven Harrington et al, P-H 1988. IPL - Information Processing Language. Allen Newell & J.C. Shaw, Carnegie ca. 1956. Said to be the first list-processing language, very low level. Sammet, 69. "Implementation Procesing Language-V Manual", A. Newell ed., P-H 1965. Versions: IPL-I, IPL-II, IPL-III, IPL-IV, IPL-V, IPL-VI. Ironman - Set of DoD requirements that led to Ada. "Department of Defense Requirements for High Order Computer Programming Languages", SIGPLAN Notices 12(12):39-54 (Dec 1977). ISETL - Symbolic math [?] ISIS - Dialect of JOSS. Sammet 1969, p.217. ISO Pascal - Pascal standard, ISO 7185-1982. Changes from Jensen & Wirth Pascal include: Name equivalence. Names must be bound before they are used. Loop index must be local to the procedure. Formal procedure parameters must include their arguments. Conformant array schemas. ISPL - Instruction Set Processor Language. Description language for computer architecture, written in BLISS. "Computer Structures: Readings and Examples", C.G. Bell et al, McGraw-Hill 1971. ISWIM - If You See What I Mean. ISWIM is a purely functional sugaring of lambda calculus, and has become the ancestor of most modern applicative languages. Syntactically an ISWIM program is a single expression qualified by "where" clauses: auxiliary definitions including equations among variables, conditional expressions and function definitions. ISWIM was the first language to use lazy evaluation. "The Next 700 Programming Languages", P.J. Landin, CACM 9(3):157-166 (Mar 1966). IT - Internal Translator. Used early for math on IBM 650. Sammet, 1969. Version: IT 3. Iverson's Language - APL, which went unnamed for many years. Sammet 1969, p.770. J - The latest successor to APL, from Iverson Software. ftp: watserv1.waterloo.edu J3 - A dialect of JOVIAL. "Military Standard JOVIAL (J3)", MIL-STD-1588 (USAF) (June 1976). J73 - A dialect of JOVIAL. "Military Standard JOVIAL (J73)", MIL-STD-1589 (USAF) (Feb 1977). Jade - A strongly-typed language that is object-oriented but without the usual class hierarchy. A type research language. Implemented as a compiler that produces Smalltalk as the output code. U Washington, late 80's. [The submitter claimed Jade has exactly one user!] Janus - Built on PROLOG. "Programming in Janus", Saraswat, Kahn & Levy. ftp: cs.arizona.edu JAZ - Early system on LGP-30. Listed in CACM 2(5):16 (May 1959). JCL - Job Control Language. Batch language on IBM OS/360 systems. Notoriously difficult to program in. JCS-13 - Early system on IBM 701. Listed in CACM 2(5):16 (May 1959). JOSS - JOHNNIAC Open Shop System. Charles L. Baker. An early simple interactive calculator language. "JOSS Users' Reference Manual", R.L. Clark, Report F-1535/9, RAND Corp. (Jan 1975) Sammet 1969, p.217. Versions include JOSS I and JOSS II. JOVE - Johnathan's Own Version of Emacs. Johnathan Payne. JOVIAL - Jule's Own Version of IAL. Jules I. Schwartz 1960. Based on ALGOL 58 but with extensions for large scale real-time programming. Saw extensive use by the US Air Force. The data elements were items, entries (records) and tables. CACM 6(12) (Dec 1960)p.721. Versions include JOVIAL I (IBM 709, 1960), JOVIAL II (IBM 7090, 1961) and JOVIAL 3 (1965). Dialects J3, JOVIAL J73, JS, JTS. Joyce - Language for distributed computers, based on CSP and Pascal. Designed by Per Brinch Hansen, Denmark. JPLDIS - Jet Propulsion Laboratory Display Information System. Query system (based on Tymshare's "Retrieve") for UNIVAC 1108 [or was it PDP's?] written in FORTRAN at JPL, Pasadena, CA by Jack Hatfield, George Masters, W. Van Snyder, Jeb Long et al. Indirectly led to Vulcan which led to dBASE II. JS - Dialect of JOVIAL. Sammet 1969, p.639. JTS - Simple dialect of JOVIAL. Sammet 1969, p.528. K5 - Early system on Larc computer. Listed in CACM 2(5):16 (May 1959). Kaleidoscope - Imperative object-oriented constraint programmming language. U Washington and Universite de Nantes, late 80's. [The submitter claims Kaleidoscope has exactly one user!] KISS - Early system on IBM 650. Listed in CACM 2(5):16 (May 1959). Klerer-May - Two dimensional math expressions. Sammet 1969, p.284. KOMPILER - Early system on IBM 701. Listed in CACM 2(5):16 (May 1959). Versions: KOMPILER 2 for IBM 701, KOMPILER 3 for IBM 704. K&R C - C as originally described in "The C Programming Language", B. Kernighan and D. Ritchie, in contrast to the proposed ANSI standard C. KRC - Kent Recursive Calculator. Turner 1981. Lazy functional language with pattern-matching, based on SASL. "Functional Programming and its Applications", D.A. Turner, Cambridge U Press 1982. ksh - Korn Shell command shell interpreter for UNIX. KCL - Kyoto Common LISP ftp: rascal.ics.utexas.edu L6 - Bell Telephone Laboratories Low-Level Linked List Language. List processing language. "A Programmer's Description of L6, Bell Telephone Laboratories' Low-Level Linked List Language" CACM 9(8) (Aug 1966). Sammet 1969. Lakota - No details Laning and Zierler - On Whirlwind computer at MIT in 1953. Sammet 1969. LAP - Assembly language embedded into early LISP. Sammet 1969, p.597. Larch - "The Larch Family of Specification Languages", J.V. Guttag et al, IEEE Software 2(5):24-365 (Sep 1985). LaTeX - An extension of TeX. "LaTeX, A Document Preparation System", Leslie Lamport, A-W 1986. LDT - Logic Design Translator. Computer system design analysis. Sammet 1969, p.621. LEAP - Language for the Expression of Associative Procedures. An ALGOL-based formalism for sets and associative retrieval operations. Became part of SAIL. "An ALGOL-based Associative Language", J.A. Feldman et al, CACM 12(8) (Aug 1969) LECOM - Version of COMIT on GE 225 ca. 1966. Sammet 1969, p.419. LEDA - Combined imperative, object-oriented, and logic programming language. Tim Budd, Oregon State U. Lex - Input language to the Lex scanner generator. "Lex - A Lexical Analyzer Generator", M.E. Lesk, CS TR 39, Bell Labs (Oct 1975). LG - A simple language for analyic geometry, with graphic output. "LG: A Language for Analytic Geometry", J. Reymond, CACM 12(8) (Aug 1969) LIMDEP - Linear programming language used by economists. Linc - The Burroughs/Unisys (it's still very current) 4GL. Designed in New Zealand. LINDA - Language for parallel processing with communication via a shared tuple space (actually, just a subroutine library). Lincoln Reckoner - On-line math system on TX-2, ca. 1965. Sammet 1969, p.245. LIPL - Linear IPL. Dupchak, ca. 1965. Sammet 1969, p.394. LIS - "The System Implementation Language LIS", J.D. Ichbiah, CII, France (Dec 1974). LISP - LISt Processing. John McCarthy et al, MIT late 50's. Symbolic functional recursive language used in many AI applications. Many dialects. Atoms and lists. Programs are themselves represented as list structures. Only numeric type is floating point. Versions include LISP 1 (Original version), LISP 1.5 (MIT, 1959), LISP 1.75, LISP 1.9, and LISP 2 (an ALGOL variant of LISP). Lispkit - Purely functional version of LISP. "Functional Programming, Application and Implementation", P. Henderson, P-H 1980. LITTLE - Typeless language used to produce machine-independent software. LITTLE has been used to implement SETL. "Guide to the LITTLE Language", D. Shields, LITTLE Newsletter 33, Courant Inst (Aug 1977). Little Smalltalk - An almost subset of Smalltalk-80, but line-oriented and written in C. "A Little Smalltalk", Timothy Budd, A-W 1987. Hundreds of users, at least. ftp: cs.orst.edu. LML - Lazy, completely functional variant of ML[2]. Implemented on the G- machine. Chalmers U Tech, Goteborg, Sweden. ftp: piggy.cs.chalmers.se Logo - LISP-like language aimed at children and other programming beginners. Notable for its "turtle graphics" used to draw geometric shapes. Created by Seymour Papert et al, 1966-1968 at Bolt, Beranek & Newman, further development at MIT's AI Lab. LOLITA - Language for the On-Line Investigation and Transformation of Abstractions. Sammet 1969, p.464. LOOK - Specification language. LOOPS - Object-oriented extension to Interlisp. "The LOOPS Manual", D.G. Bobrow & M. Stefik, Xerox Corp 1983. LOTIS - LOgic, TIming, Sequencing. Describes a computer by describing data flow. Sammet 1969, p.620. LPC - A variant of C used to program the LP MUDs, programmable multi-user adventures. Guesstimate: 2-3 000 000 lines of code and growing. Introduced ca. 1988. LPG - "Linguaggio Procedure Grafiche" (Italian for "Graphical Procedures Language") Interpreted and compiled language underlying products of CAD.LAB Spa, Bologna, Italy. Roughly a cross between FORTRAN and APL, with graphical-oriented extensions, and several peculiarities. "Graphical Procedure Language User's Guide and Reference Manual", CAD.LAB, Bologna, Italy, 1989, order code GO89/9. Main author of the language is dott. Gabriele Selmi. LRLTRAN - Lawrence Radiation Laboratory TRANslator. FORTRAN extension with vector arithmetic and dynamic storage, used for scientific work and systems programming, including the LTSS OS. "The LRLTRAN Compiler", S.F. Mendicino, CACM 11(11):747-7752MODEF (Nov 1969) LT-2 - Early system on IBM 701. Listed in CACM 2(5):16 (May 1959). LTR - Mentioned in "An Overview of Ada", J.G.P. Barnes. LUCID - 1. Early query language, ca. 1965, System Development Corp, Santa Monica, CA. Sammet 1969, p.701. 2. Ashcroft & Wadge, 1981. A dataflow language, a descendant of ISWIM. Lazy, but first-order. Iteration is simulated with "is current" and "fby" (concatenation of sequences) It has lazy evaluation. Statements are equations which define a network of processors and communication lines. The data is processed as it flows through this network. Every data object is thought of as an infinite stream of simple values, every function as a filter. Lucid has no other data constructors such as arrays or records. It is a first-order language: functions cannot be used as arguments."Lucid, the Dataflow Programming Language", William W. Wadge, Academic Press 1985. Lustre - Synchronous language, a derivative of Lucid. J.L. Bergerand et al, "Outline of a Real-Time Data-Flow Language", Real Time Systems Symp, San Diego, Dec 1985. LYRIC - Language for Your Remote Instruction by Computer. CAI language implemented as a FORTRAN preprocessor. "Computer Assisted Instruction: Specification of Attributes for CAI Programs and Programmers", G.M. Silvern et al, Proc ACM 21st Natl Conf (1966). MAC - Early system on Ferranti Mercury. Listed in CACM 2(5):16 (May 1959). MAC-360 - Solving numerical problems using equation-like input. ca. 1967. "User's Guide to MAC-360", Charles Stark Draper Lab, Cambridge MA (Aug 1973) Sammet 1969, p.264. Macaulay - Mike Stillman and Dave Bayer , late 70's. Symbolic algebra package for commutative algebra, algebraic geometry, cohomology. ftp: zariski.harvard.edu, Mac and Amiga versions, source in C. Machiavelli - Peter Buneman & Atsushi Ohori, U Pennsylvania, 1989. Based on orthogonal persistence. An extension of Standard ML. "Database Programming in Machiavelli: A Polymorphic Language with Static Type Inference", A. Ohori, Proc SIGMOD Conf, ACM, June 1989. MACSYMA - Interactive symbolic math system, Joel Moses MIT 1969, later Symbolics, Inc. "MACSYMA - The Fifth Year", J. Moses, SIGSAM Bulletin 8(3) (Aug 1974). Version: DOE MACSYMA, ANL. info: macsyma-service@symbolics.com MAD - Michigan Algorithm Decoder. Numerical computation. "The MAD Manual", Univ. Michigan Computing Center (1966). Sammet 1969, p.205. MADCAP - Math and set problems. "MADCAP - A Scientific Compiler for a Displayed Formula Texbook Language", M.B. Wells, CACM 4(1):31-36 (Jan 1961). Sammet 1969, p.271. MAGIC - Early system on Midac computer. Listed in CACM 2(5):16 (May 1959). Magic Paper - Early on-line formal algebra system. Sammet 1969, p.510. MAINSAIL - Dialect of SAIL. From XIDAK, Inc. Used to be in Menlo Park, may now be in Palo Alto. Make - Language for the UNIX file maintenance utility Make. Many other implementations. "Make - A Program for Maintaining Computer Programs", A.I. Feldman, TR No 57, Bell Labs Apr 1977. MAP - Mathematical Analysis without Programming. On-line system under CTSS for math. Sammet 1969, p.240. Maple - Language for the Maple symbolic math system. Bruce Char, Keith Geddes, Gaston Gonnet, Michael Monagan & Stephen Watt, U Waterloo (Canada) 1980. Waterloo Maple Software. Version: Maple V. info: wmsi@daisy.waterloo.edu list: glabahn@daisy.waterloo.edu MARSYAS - MARshall SYstem for Aerospace Simulation. Simulation of large physical systems. "MARSYAS, Parts 1 & 2", H. Trauboth et al, IEEE Circuits and Systems Society Newsletter 7(3-4) (June, Aug 1973). MARY - Norwegian research language, somewhat ALGOL68-like. Surprising features include total lack of operator precedence!! The back cover of the manual bears the (well-hidden) fragment: MARY HAD A LITTLE LAMB - COERCION IMPOSSIBLE. MASM - Microsoft Assembler. MS-DOS. Mathcad - Symbolic math environment. Mathematica - Symbolic math and graphics system, Wolfram Research, 1988. The language emphasizes rules and pattern-matching. "Mathematica: A System for Doing Mathematics by Computer", Stephen Wolfram, A-W 1988. ftp: otter.stanford.edu, ftp.ncsa.uiuc.edu list: mathgroup-request@yoda.ncsa.uiuc.edu info: info@wri.com MATHLAB - On-line formal algebra system, MITRE, 1964. Later version: MATHLAB 68 (PDP-6, 1967). "The Legacy of MATHLAB 68", C. Engelman, Proc 2nd Symp on Symbolic and Algebraic Manip, ACM (Mar 1971). Sammet 1969, p.498. MATH-MATIC or MATHMATIC - Alternate name for AT-3. Early, pre- FORTRAN language for UNIVAC I or II. Sammet 1969. Matlab - Matrix manipulation environment. The MathWorks, Inc. (508) 653-1415. Matrix Compiler - Early matrix compuations on UNIVAC. Sammet 1969, p.642. MATRIX MATH - Early system on UNIVAC I or II. Listed in CACM 2(5):16 (May 1959). MBASIC - Microsoft BASIC. MDL - "Muddle", developed at MIT, was basis for ZIL. me too - Functional language for executable specifications. Peter Henderson. "Functional Programming, Formal Specification and Rapid Prototyping", IEEE Trans Soft Eng, SE-12(2) (Feb 1986). Mercury Autocode - Mercury was another Ferranti machine. Mesa - Xerox PARC. System and application programming for proprietary hardware: Alto, Dolphin, Dorado and Dandelion. Pascal-like syntax. Its notion of modules with separately compilable definition and implementation directly led to Wirth's design for Modula. Threads, coroutines, exceptions, and monitors. Type checking may be disabled. Originally for internal use, Mesa was released to a few universitites in 1985. "Mesa Language Manual", J.G. Mitchell et al, Xerox PARC, CSL-79-3 (Apr 1979). "Early Experience with Mesa", Geschke et al, CACM 20(8):540-552 (Aug 1977). META 5 - Early syntax-directed compiler compiler, used for translating one high-level language to another. "META 5: A Tool to Manipulate Strings of Data", D.K. Oppenheim et al, Proc 21st Natl Conf, ACM 1966. Sammet 1969, p.638. Versions: META II, META-3. METAFONT - A system for the design of raster-based alphabets. Companion to TeX. "The METAFONT Book," Donald Knuth, A-W 1986. MICRO-PLANNER - Subset of PLANNER, implemented in LISP. "MICRO-PLANNER Reference Manual", G.J. Sussman et al, AI Memo 203, MIT AI Lab, 1970. MIDAS - Digital simulaton language. Sammet 1969, p.627. MILITRAN - Discrete simulation for military applications. Sammet 1969, p.657. MIMIC - Solving engineering problems such as differential equations. "MIMIC, An Alternative Programming Language for Industrial Dynamics, N.D. Peterson, Socio-Econ Plan Sci. v.6, Pergamon 1972. MINITAB II - Interactive solution of small statistical problems. "MINITAB Student Handbook", T.A. Ryan et al, Duxbury Press 1976. Miranda - Lazy, purely functional. Turner, 1980's. A commercial descendant of SASL and KRC, with ML's type system. Terse syntax follows the offside rule, type declarations are optional. Nested pattern-matching, list comprehensions, modules. User types are algebraic, may be constrained by laws. Implementation uses SKI reduction. "Miranda: A Non Strict Functional Language with Polymorphic Types", D.A. Turner, in Functional Programming Languages and Computer Architecture, LNCS v.201, Springer 1985. info: Research Software Ltd, or mira-request@ukc.ac.uk MIRFAC - Mathematics in Recognizable Form Automatically Compiled. Math problems. Sammet 1969, p.281. MISHAP - Early system on IBM 1103 or 1103A. Listed in CACM 2(5):16, (May 1959). MITILAC - Early system on IBM 650. Listed in CACM 2(5):16 (May 1959). MIXAL - MIX Assembly Language. Assembly language for Knuth's hypothetical MIX machine. "The Art of Computer Programming v.1", Donald Knuth, A-W 1969. MJS - Early system on UNIVAC I or II. Listed in CACM 2(5):16 (May 1959). ML - 1. Manipulator Language. IBM language for handling robots. 2. Meta Language. Polymorphically-typed functional language, Gordon, 1970's. "A Metalanguage for Interactive Proof in LCF", M. Gordon et al, 5th ACM Symp on Princs of Prog Langs, Jan 1978. MLAB - Modeling LABoratory. Interactive mathematical modeling. "MLAB, An On-Line Modeling Laboratory", NIH (Mar 1975). ML/I - Early macro translating system. P.J. Brown, CACM 10(10):618-623, (Oct 1967). MLISP - LISP variant with ALGOL-like syntax. "MLISP", D.C. Smith, Report No. CS-179, CS Dept, Stanford (Oct 1970). Version: MLISP2. MOBSSL-UAF - Merritt and Miller's Own Block-Structured Simulation Language-Unpronounceable Acronym For. Interactive continuous simulations. "MOBSSL - An Augmented Block Structured Continuous System Simulation Language for Digital and Hybrid Computers", M.J. Merritt et al, Proc AFIPS FJCC v.35 (1969). MODEF - Pascal-like language with polymorphism and data abstraction. "Definition of the Programming Language MODEF", J. Steensgard-Madsen et al, SIGPLAN Notices 19(2):92-110 (Feb 1984). Modula - Wirth, 1977. Predecessor of Modula-2, more oriented towards concurrent programming but otherwise quite similar. "Modula - A Language for Modular Multiprogramming", N. Wirth, Soft Prac & Exp 7(1):3-35 (Jan 1977). Modula-2 - Wirth, 1979. Programming dedicated computer systems, including process control on smaller machines. Modula-2 provides limited visibility of the underlying hardware. "Programming in Modula-2", N. Wirth, Springer 1985 Modula-2+ - DEC SRC, Palo Alto CA. Exceptions and threads. "Extending Modula-2 to Build Large, Integrated Systems", P. Rovner, IEEE Soft 3(6) (Nov 1986). Modula-3 - A descendant of Modula-2+ and Cedar, designed for safety. Objects, threads, exceptions and garbage collection. Modules are explicitly safe or unsafe. As in Mesa, any set of variables can be monitored. "Modula-3 Report", Luca Cardelli et al, DEC SRC TR No. 52, and Olivetti Research Center, Aug 1988. ftp: gatekeeper.dec.com Modula/R - Modula with relational database constructs added. LIDAS Group (J. Koch, M. Mall, P. Putfarken, M. Reimer, J.W. Schmidt, C.A. Zehnder) "Modula/R Report", LIDAS Memo 091-83, ETH Zurich, Sep 1983. Modulex - Based on Modula-2. Listed by M.P. Atkinson & J.W. Schmidt presented in a tutorial in Zurich, 1989. MORAL - Mentioned in "An Overview of Ada", J.G.P. Barnes. MORTRAN - public domain FORTRAN pre-processor. MOUSE - Small macro language. Peter Grogono, BYTE article. MPL - Early possible name for PL/I. Sammet 1969, p.542. MPPL - Early possible name for PL/I. Sammet 1969, p.542. M-PROLOG - Marseilles PROLOG, the early version. MPS III - Solving matrices and producing reports. "MPS III DATAFORM User Manual", Management Science Systems (1976). MPSX - Mathematical Programming System Extended. Solution strategy for mathematical programming. "Mathematical Programming System Extended (MPSX) Control Language User's Manual", SH20-0932, IBM. Sammet 1978. Mul-T - Shared memory version of T. Multi-Lisp - A parallel version of LISP. MUMPS - Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System. A database-oriented OS and the language that goes with it. Used originally for medical records. Current versions for IBM RT and R6000, DSM (Digital Standard Mumps) for DEC, Datatree MUMPS for IBM PC. "MUMPS Language Standard", ANS X11.1-1977. MUMPS User's Group, Box 208, Bedford MA 01730. list: MUMPS-L@UGA.BITNET. MuSimp - Variant of LISP used as the programming language for the PC symbolic math package MuMath. MUSL - Manchester University Systems Language. MYSTIC - Early system on IBM 704, IBM 650, IBM 1103 and 1103A. Listed in CACM 2(5):16 (May 1959). NASTRAN - NAsa STRess Analysis Program. Large stress analysis problems. "The NASTRAN User's Manual", SP-222(C3), NASA. Napier - Based on orthogonal persistence. Redesigned language after 10 years of experience with persistence; developed at St Andrews U; design began ca. 1985, first implementation Napier88, 1988. NAPLPS - North American Presentation-Level-Protocol Syntax. Language for sending text and graphics over communication lines. Used by videotex systems. NAPPS - Numerical Analysis Problem Solving System. 1966. Sammet 1969, p.299. Natural English - Used to mean programming in normal, spoken English. Sammet 1969, p.768. NDL: Network Definition Language. Used to program the DCP (Data Communications Processor) on Burroughs Large System. NDL II - New improved etc version of NDL. NELIAC - Navy Electronics Laboratory International ALGOL Compiler. Numeric and logical computations. CACM 6(7)367 (Jul 1963) Version: BC NELIAC. Neon - An object-oriented extension of FORTH, for the Mac. NEWP - NEW Programming language. Replaced ESPOL on Burroughs Large System. NewsClip - Clarinet article filter language. NGL - A dialect of IGL. Nial - Nested Interactive Array Language. Queen's University, Canada. High level language with arrays as its basic data structure. "Programming Styles in Nial", M.A. Jenkins er al, IEEE Software 3(1):46-55 (1986). NICOL I - Small subset of PL/I by (Massachusetts) Computer Assoc, ca. 1965. Version: NICOL II (1967). Sammet 1969, p.542. NIL - 1. A LISP dialect. "NIL: A Perspective", Jon L. White, MACSYMA Users' Conf Proc, 1979. 2. Implementing complex networking protocols in a modular fashion. TJWRC, IBM. Noddy - A simple (hence the name) language to handle text and interaction on the Memotech home computer. Has died with the machine. NOMAD - Database language. "NOMAD Reference Manual", Form 1004, National CSS Inc (Dec 1976). Version: NOMAD2, Must Software Intl. list: NOMAD2-L@TAMVM1.BITNET NORC COMPILER - Early system on NORC machine. Listed in CACM 2(5):16 (May 1959). NPL - 1. New Programming Language. IBM's original (temporary) name for PL/I - changed due to conflict with England's "National Physical Laboratory." MPL and MPPL were considered before settling on PL/I. Sammet 1969, p.542. 2. Burstall, 1977. A predecessor of HOPE. Pattern matching and set comprehensions. Nroff - Text formating language/interpreter, based on UNIX roff. See also Troff, TBL, EQN, NEQN, PIC, and GRAP. GROFF, also Scribe. --- End of Part 3 -- --Bill Kinnersley billk@hawk.cs.ukans.edu 226 Transfer complete.