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From: gwyn@brl-tgr.ARPA (Doug Gwyn <gwyn>)
Newsgroups: net.unix-wizards
Subject: Re: question about unix & real time
Message-ID: <5633@brl-tgr.ARPA>
Date: Wed, 7-Nov-84 12:05:18 EST
Article-I.D.: brl-tgr.5633
Posted: Wed Nov  7 12:05:18 1984
Date-Received: Sat, 10-Nov-84 04:03:48 EST
References: <39@uwvax.UUCP>
Distribution: net
Organization: Ballistic Research Lab
Lines: 36

> ...  I've heard that Unix is not a good operating system 
> for real-time applications, but I have a couple of questions:
> 
> 	-Just what is it about Unix that makes it ill-suited for
> 		real-time applications?

This is an old myth based partly on fact.

	- Except under UNIX System V, there is no good support
	  for real-time IPC (if the task needs it; not all do).
	  Signals and pipes are inadequate.

	- Older UNIXes had no way to keep a process from being
	  swapped out, so there could be a significant delay in
	  responding to real-time events.

	- The file system (block I/O) involves a fair amount of
	  overhead.  This can be avoided by use of "raw disk".

	- Except under 7th Edition UNIX, device control involves
	  system call overhead.  This can be avoided if your
	  device-control module is implemented as a kernel
	  process (e.g., a "smart" device driver).

	- The UNIX scheduler does not support the concept of
	  strict priorities, so a high-priority process may not
	  be able to gain exclusive use of system resources
	  when it needs them.

All these drawbacks can be overcome by a competent UNIX system
programmer.  At my previous employer, we successfully implemented
a system based on 6th Edition UNIX on an LSI-23 that acquired
large amounts of data onto a Winchester disk at around 100KHz,
with a very small amount of hardware buffering.  At slightly
slower rates, concurrent multi-process background number-crunching
and interactive graphic display was supported.  As I said, "a myth".