Path: utzoo!attcan!uunet!husc6!mailrus!tut.cis.ohio-state.edu!ucbvax!ukc.ac.UK!FTP From: FTP@ukc.ac.UK (UKC FTP Daemon) Newsgroups: comp.sys.atari.st Subject: Failure of your mail. Message-ID: <8903130151.AA20858@mcvax.cwi.nl> Date: 13 Mar 89 09:33:47 GMT Sender: daemon@ucbvax.BERKELEY.EDU Organization: The Internet Lines: 115 Your mail to uk.co.stc.idec failed when the file was transferred. The mail at this host was to be sent to the follow addresses. stuser%uucp.cel@uk.co.stc.idec This was due to an error at uk.co.stc.idec. The reason given was: File access denied The body of your mail follows. Received: from nss.cs.ucl.ac.uk by kestrel.Ukc.AC.UK via Janet (UKC CAMEL FTP) id aa28087; 12 Mar 89 4:50 GMT Received: from NSS.CS.UCL.AC.UK by NSS.Cs.Ucl.AC.UK via List-Channel id ac01359; 12 Mar 89 2:51 GMT Received: from score.stanford.edu by NSS.Cs.Ucl.AC.UK via Satnet with SMTP id aa01263; 12 Mar 89 2:42 GMT Date: Sat 11 Mar 89 12:09:58 PST Subject: Info-Atari16 Digest V89 #78 From: Info-Atari16 Digest Original-Sender: Info-Atari16-request@edu.stanford.score Errors-to: Info-Atari16-request@Score.Stanford.EDU Maint-Path: Info-Atari16-request@Score.Stanford.EDU To: Info-Atari16 Distribution List: ; Reply-to: Info-Atari16@edu.stanford.score Sender: info-atari16-request@uk.ac.ucl.cs.nss Info-Atari16 Digest Saturday, March 11, 1989 Volume 89 : Issue 78 This weeks Editor: Bill Westfield Today's Topics: Hard Disk Partitioning Tutorial atariST TOS gcc V1.34 avail for FTP Atari 1040 ST, modem, printer for sale Zoo compression prg SEDT Bulliten Board Systems. Leaving both monitors on. RE: Info-Atari16 Digest V89 #43 Re: SEDT Adaptec controller boards Atari 520ST ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: 6 Mar 89 14:30:18 GMT From: att!lzaz!hcj@ucbvax.Berkeley.EDU (HC Johnson) Subject: Hard Disk Partitioning Tutorial To: info-atari16@score.stanford.edu This is meant to be a tutorial on partitioning a hard disk connected to an Atari ST computer. It will address TOS, Minix, PC-Ditto, and Spectre 128 usage. There is considerable mysticism about the partitioning hard disks for the Atari. It isn't as complicated as it may appear. OVERVIEW A hard disk is just a collection of sectors, numbered 0 to MAX, where MAX is the total good sectors on a given hard disk. Within most of the disk interfaces is an Adaptec 4000 controller. When told which sectors are bad this device automatically squeezes them out, leaving MAX-N good sectors. Rule one: Always subtract a reasonably small (128) number from the total size of the disk to allow for this shrinkage. PARTITIONS Partitioning is just a way of thinking of the whole disk in parts. It occures in UNIX and MS-DOS because the original files systems could not exceed numbers which were small compared to the total disk. The most current limit is TOS, which cannot handle a file system larger than 16 megabytes (32767 sectors of 512 bytes each). Sector 0 of the hard disk holds three kinds of information. Within a total of 512 bytes there exists: First, an area reserved for a boot program. Second, sixteen bytes to describe the physical parameters of the disk; and ten bytes to support bad sectoring. Third, an array of four partitions. Each entry in this array describe the partitions storage area on the disk. This is the 'C' description of a partion: /* * Partition information (part of sector 0) */ struct pi { char pi_flag; /* active byte */ char pi_id[3]; /* partition id (GEM or MIX(?)) */ long pi_start; /* first sector */ long pi_size; /* total number of sectors */ }; If a partition is allocated, the flag is set to '1', and the size is set to the actual size of the partition is sectors. Usually both the flag and size will be 0 when a partition is unused. Start is the actual physical sector of the hard disk where this partition begins. Within the partition we talk of logical sector numbers from 0 to size -1. Additionally the partition may have a name (ID) to descibe who might expect to use it. It is not uncommon to find several different names in the partitions, to indicate that each different name is organized logically different from the other. Some examples of this: A. TOS and PC-Ditto can process partions containing MS-DOS file systems. They use the ID 'GEM' to indicate this. When they boot, only the 'GEM' partitions are given ICONs on the desktop. Intervening partitions of other types are ignored. Thus the First GEM partition is called C:, the Second GEM partition is called D:, etc. **** Rest omitted - too long!